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1 INTRODUCTION Rainfall chemical composition is mainly re- sulted from inner-cloud nucleation and under-cloud washing. The aerosol in cloud features regional scales. The concentration and chemical composition of under-cloud aerosol reflect in overall the … 相似文献
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经历多期构造运动后叠合形成的塔河西南部,用常规速度分析及成图方法都无法制作高精度的构造图,不能满足生产的需要。这里利用塔河西南部钻遇S-D的50口钻、测井资料和3D地震资料,提出了以标准层为基础的井控外推法来拟合速度并最终作构造图的方法。该方法简单实用、成本低,与实际钻探圈闭相对误差小于1.5%,能满足成图精度要求。同时,在研究过程中还发现了多个圈闭,这必将对该区油气资源的重新评价及进一步勘探有重要意义。 相似文献
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G. Swinnen J. W. Thorbecke G. G. Drijkoningen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(6):577-590
Summary Seismic monitoring from the head of a tunnel-boring machine (TBM) enables improved assessment of the risks associated with
the tunnel-boring process. The monitoring system provides a live image of ground conditions along the trajectory followed
by the TBM and detects local heterogeneities such as boulders, foundations, and other obstacles that commonly pass undetected
using local geotechnical techniques. From a seismic perspective, the underground setting of tunnelling projects places limitations
on imaging capability. The principal limiting factor is the size of the area upon which transducers can be installed. This
limitation requires adjustments to traditional seismic imaging techniques in which a large area is assumed to be available
for attaching the transducers. Recently developed short imaging operators take this limitation into account and are used in
the examples described herein. The unique conditions of tunnelling yield two advantages over traditional settings in terms
of imaging: rotation of the cutter wheel and the lateral progression of the TBM. Rotation of the cutter wheel, upon which
the transducers are installed, provides the opportunity to illuminate obstacles from different angles in different recordings.
Spatial progression of the TBM enables improvement in the illumination of obstacles and the signal-to-noise ratio by combining
recordings from different lateral positions. In this paper, these specific aspects of seismic imaging during tunnelling are
discussed via models that represent different cases encountered in actual tunnelling projects. These case studies demonstrate
the way in which image quality along the trajectory of the TBM is improved over that in traditional settings. In this way,
the risks associated with the tunnelling process can be more accurately assured. 相似文献
86.
波动方程基准面校正处理被认为是当地表高程变化剧烈、地表一致性假设又不成立的情况下对于常规高程基准面校正的必要替代. 在二维波动方程基准面校正方面,前人已经作了大量工作,并且在实际应用中获得了良好的效果,应该将其进一步推广到三维. 本文采用三维频率空间域有限差分波场延拓算子以“逐步-累加”的方式实现了三维波动方程基准面校正,并对实际数据进行了处理. 对于西部某三维数据的实际计算结果表明,相对于传统的模型法高程静校正,波动方程基准面校正更合理地实现了基准面校正,有助于提高后续的速度分析精度和成像质量. 相似文献
87.
有效厚度拟合定量恢复原始地层超覆点位置 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地层超覆点的迁移是层序地层分析和海平面变化曲线编制的重要依据。受构造抬升、海平面下降或二者共同作用影响,地层超覆点在沉积后常被剥蚀。如何恢复其原始沉积时的位置,至今尚无定量方法提出。基于地层厚度自盆地边缘向盆地中心依次增大,或先增大、后减小的分布特点,采用指数与线性相结合的分段函数模型,利用未剥蚀区地层厚度数据拟合外推恢复原始地层超覆点位置。该方法适用于被动大陆边缘、大型三角洲沉积区及坳陷型盆地,应用于巽他陆架晚新生代地层分析,取得满意效果. 相似文献
88.
Modeling of Regional High Ozone Episode Observed at Two Mountain Sites (Mt. Tai and Huang) in East China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Zifa Wang Jie Li Xiquan Wang Pakpong Pochanart Hajime Akimoto 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2006,55(3):253-272
A high O3 episode was observed during 23–25 May 2004 at two high-mountain sites reflecting the regional pattern of air pollutants over East China. This episode lasted about three days with the maximum hourly O3 mixing ratios reaching 111 and 114 ppbv at Mt. Tai and Huang, respectively. Backward trajectories and meteorological analysis indicated that regional transport, associated with a weak high pressure system over the East China Sea, might play an important role in the formation of this high ozone episode. The nested air quality prediction modeling system (NAQPMS) was applied to investigate the formation and evolution of this high O3 event. The comparison of model results with observations showed that NAQPMS successfully reproduced the main observed patterns of O3 and meteorological parameters during the simulated period. The model results with emission over the Yangtze Delta and the East Central China switched on/off clearly showed that ozone and its precursors transported from the Yangtze Delta and the East Central China enhanced the high ozone episode at two sites, with a contribution of 20%–50% during the episode. In addition, based on process analysis with the model, chemical production and regional transport appeared to be the main causes of high ozone episode involving a large amount of high-ozone air masses and precursors transported from the surrounding areas. The horizontal transport is more active during the period of high ozone episode than that during the non-episode at Mt. Tai as well as Mt. Huang. 相似文献
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综述了当前多次波问题的研究进展,指出了对多次波问题,有两种主要的处理思路:(1)因为后续偏移成像的需要,把多次波看成相干噪声,根据多次波特性设计衰减方法将其消除掉,将其称之为多次波衰减方法.多次波衰减方法大体上可以分为两类:基于信号分析的滤波方法和基于波动方程的预测相减法.预测相减法不需要或较少需要有关地下的先验或后验信息,能适应复杂地下构造.本文对预测相减法中的波场延拓法、反馈迭代法、逆散射级数法和恒定内插法等三种主要方法,进行了较详细的对比分析和介绍.(2)将多次波看成有效信号,对其成像,将其称之为多次波成像方法.这种方法提取了多次波中包含的地下界面信息,可改善地震资料的成像质量. 相似文献